Followup. It's where we learn the most. Science Debate 2008
questioned the Presidential election candidates in 2008 about science
and had a hard time getting candidates to include science in their
policies and platforms.
Why? One reason is the "Dan Quail
Effect" -- meaning that if you goof with an answer, such as "trees
cause pollution"...you never live it down. What was found in the
political arena that when urged to respond, the candidates finally did
-- but only on their websites. They would not discuss these topics in
person on public media! Hmmm...
But with science playing an
increasingly large role in our lives and economic endeavors, it's
important to include scientific topics in our conversations and
decision making.
Here are the
14 questions that Science Debate 2008
asked the candidates. Maybe we should answer these questions
ourselves...and have our companies and organizations converse about
these important issues.
1. Innovation. Science and technology have been
responsible for half of the growth of the American economy since WWII.
But several recent reports question America's continued leadership in
these vital areas. What policies will you support to ensure that
America remains the world leader in innovation?
2. Climate Change. The Earth's climate is changing
and there is concern about the potentially adverse effects of these
changes on life on the planet. What is your position on the following
measures that have been proposed to address global climate change--a
cap-and-trade system, a carbon tax, increased fuel-economy standards,
or research? Are there other policies you would support?
3. Energy. Many policymakers and scientists say
energy security and sustainability are major problems facing the United
States this century. What policies would you support to meet demand for
energy while ensuring an economically and environmentally sustainable
future?
4. Education. A comparison of 15-year-olds in 30
wealthy nations found that average science scores among U.S. students
ranked 17th, while average U.S. math scores ranked 24th. What role do
you think the federal government should play in preparing K-12 students
for the science and technology driven 21st Century?
5. National Security. Science and technology are at
the core of national security like never before. What is your view of
how science and technology can best be used to ensure national security
and where should we put our focus?
6. Pandemics and Biosecurity. Some estimates suggest
that if H5N1 Avian Flu becomes a pandemic it could kill more than 300
million people. In an era of constant and rapid international travel,
what steps should the United States take to protect our population from
global pandemics or deliberate biological attacks?
7. Genetics research. The field of genetics has the
potential to improve human health and nutrition, but many people are
concerned about the effects of genetic modification both in humans and
in agriculture. What is the right policy balance between the benefits
of genetic advances and their potential risks?
8. Stem cells. Stem cell research advocates say it
may successfully lead to treatments for many chronic diseases and
injuries, saving lives, but opponents argue that using embryos as a
source for stem cells destroys human life. What is your position on
government regulation and funding of stem cell research?
9. Ocean Health. Scientists estimate that some 75
percent of the world's fisheries are in serious decline and habitats
around the world like coral reefs are seriously threatened. What steps,
if any, should the United States take during your presidency to protect
ocean health?
10. Water. Thirty-nine states expect some level of
water shortage over the next decade, and scientific studies suggest
that a majority of our water resources are at risk. What policies
would you support to meet demand for water resources?
11. Space. The study of Earth from space can yield
important information about climate change; focus on the cosmos can
advance our understanding of the universe; and manned space travel can
help us inspire new generations of youth to go into science. Can we
afford all of them? How would you prioritize space in your
administration?
12. Scientific Integrity. Many government scientists
report political interference in their job. Is it acceptable for
elected officials to hold back or alter scientific reports if they
conflict with their own views, and how will you balance scientific
information with politics and personal beliefs in your decision-making?
13. Research. For many years, Congress has recognized the
importance of science and engineering research to realizing our
national goals. Given that the next Congress will likely face spending
constraints, what priority would you give to investment in basic
research in upcoming budgets?
14. Health. Americans are increasingly concerned with the cost,
quality and availability of health care. How do you see science,
research and technology contributing to improved health and quality of
life?
Read the Presidential Candidates' answers on
ScienceDebate2008.com